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Article History

Received: 25 April 2024

Accepted: 3 September 2025

First Online: 8 October 2025

Declarations

:

: This study was conducted as part of a Master’s thesis in pediatric nursing and was approved by the Ethics Committee of Semnan University of Medical Sciences (Code: IR.SEMUMS.REC.1401.165). The research data collection process was carried out in coordination with hospital managers and written informed consent was obtained from nurses and parents of the research sample.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.