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Authors
Utami, Meita Dwi
Prawira, Yogi
Djer, Mulyadi M.
Wulandari, H.F.
Yuniar, Irene
Kaswandani, Nastiti
Mandei, Jose M.
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Article History
Received: 5 February 2025
Accepted: 10 September 2025
First Online: 24 October 2025
Declarations
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: Ethical approval was granted by Health Research Ethics Commission of Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia, and is in full compliance with the principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki (KET. 1635/UN2.1F1/ETIK/PPM.00.02/2024). All procedures involving human participants were conducted in accordance with ethical standards to ensure the protection of their rights, safety, and well-being. Written informed consent was obtained from all participants’ legal guardians prior to the involvement in the study, and confidentiality was strictly maintained. The research protocol underwent thorough review and approval to ensure adherence to ethical guidelines, including risk minimization and respect for autonomy.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
