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Authors
Liu, Yakun
Chen, Shuai
Li, Yang
Chen, Lulu
Huang, Shungen
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Jiangsu Provincial Healthcare Commission Scientific Research Project (M2024027)
Haiyou Health High-Caliber Talent Project (202412)
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Article History
Received: 4 June 2025
Accepted: 18 September 2025
First Online: 14 October 2025
Declarations
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: The study was approved by the Institutional Review Boards (IRBs) of Children’s Hospital of Soochow university (approval no. 2023CS199; Dec 1, 2023), Children’s Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University (approval no. SDFE-IRB/MP-2024003-01; Feb 10, 2024), Beijing Children’s Hospital (approval no. [2022]-E-183-R; Sep 19, 2022), and Qilu Hospital of Shandong University (approval no. KYLL-202304-667; Oct 18, 2023). The informed consent was waived due to the retrospective nature of the study. The study complied with the Declaration of Helsinki and its amendments.Informed consent was waived by the institutional review boards due to the retrospective study of deidentified data.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
