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Authors
Xue, Nian-ci
Xu, Zhe-hao
Gao, Yu
Huang, Xi-wei
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Scientific Research Start-up Funds for High-Level Talents of Guangdong Mechanical & Electronical Polytechnic (No.Gccrcxm-202315)
High-Quality Service Innovation Team for the Elderly and Children (No.2023WCXTD032)
Provincial-Level Project “Curriculum Ideology and Politics Demonstration Team of Public Administration School” (No.KCSZ03003)
the Science and Technology Project of Jieyang City (No.ylws2024069)
Scientific research project of Guangdong Provincial Bureau of Traditional Chinese Medicine (No.20262097)
Social Science Planning Project of Foshan City in 2025 (2025-GJ190)
Guangdong Medical Association Clinical Research Fund (No.2024QC-A1006)
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Article History
Received: 25 June 2025
Accepted: 23 September 2025
First Online: 17 November 2025
Declarations
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: The requirement of ethical approval for this was waived by the Institutional Review Board of Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, because the data was accessed from NHANES (a publicly available database). The need for written informed consent was waived by the Institutional Review Board of Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital due to the retrospective nature of the study. All methods were performed in accordance with the relevant guidelines and regulations.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
