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Article History

Received: 26 February 2025

Accepted: 7 October 2025

First Online: 12 November 2025

Declarations

:

: This study obtained ethical approval from the School of Medicine Research and Ethics Committee (SOMREC) (Mak-SOMREC-2021–67) and the Uganda National Council for Science and Technology (UNCST) (HS2791ES). We secured administrative clearance from Kampala city (DPHE/KCCA/1301), and additional permission was sought from the participating schools. The participants aged 18 years and older provided written consent, whereas the children aged 12–17 years provided written parental/guardian consent and assent. The adolescents with uncontrolled asthma received counseling from the study clinician and were referred to the Mulago National Referral Hospital Chest Clinic for further management. Research records were stored securely, with data coded for confidentiality. All study procedures were conducted in accordance with relevant guidelines and regulations, including the ethical principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki [ , ]. The Clinical trial number: not applicable for this study.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.