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Authors
Mason, Kayleigh J. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5419-0669
Jordan, Kelvin P. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4748-5335
Bailey, James https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2566-3527
Protheroe, Joanne https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9608-1487
Mughal, Faraz https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5437-5962
Thomas, Martin J. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4951-9925
Saxne Jöud, Anna https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7192-4911
Jowett, Sue https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8936-3745
Snell, Kym I.E. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9373-6591
Dunn, Kate M. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6202-2606
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR203281)
National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR203281)
National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR203281)
National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR203281)
National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR300957)
National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR203281)
National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR203281)
National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR203281)
National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR203281)
National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR203281)
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Article History
Received: 3 March 2025
Accepted: 13 October 2025
First Online: 25 November 2025
Declarations
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: CPRD has Health Research Authority approval to support research using anonymised patient data. This study was approved by the CPRD Research Data Governance Process (ref 22_002318; protocol made available to this manuscript’s reviewers). Under CPRD’s ethical approval from the UK Health Research Authority to support research using anonymised patient data, individual patient consent is not required as patients contributing data to CPRD cannot be identified from the data made available to researchers.Data from CPRD adheres to the ethical principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
