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Authors
Zhang, Peng
Zhu, Bifan
Xiaohui, Hou
Duo, Chen
Kunkun, Zhang
Wang, Linan
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality "Research on Optimization Strategy of Children's Multi-Level Health Security System in Shanghai" (No. 23692109000)
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Article History
Received: 1 June 2024
Accepted: 24 October 2025
First Online: 8 December 2025
Declarations
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: Not applicable. Since the data we used came from anonymized and secondary databases, human participants were not directly involved in the study, and the informed consent was exempted. All methods were carried out in accordance with relevant guidelines and regulations (declarations of Helsinki, 1996). The consent process incorporates statements about the use of anonymized data for publication.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
