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Authors
Toyoshima, Katsuaki
Mori, Rintaro
Nishida, Toshihiko
Sasaki, Hatoko
Mitsuhashi, Hideko
Saito, Tomoko
Shimokaze, Tomoyuki
Aoki, Hirosato
Yonemoto, Naohiro
Kono, Yumi
Uchiyama, Atsushi
Fujimura, Masanori
Kusuda, Satoshi
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Article History
Received: 3 August 2025
Accepted: 29 October 2025
First Online: 5 January 2026
Declarations
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: The INTACT study was approved by the coordinating center’s Institutional Review Board (registration: 12000066; approval: 2014–6) and the participating hospitals. The Neonatal Research Network of Japan database received Institutional Review Board approval (Tokyo Women’s Medical University: 1789) [ ]. Written informed consent to participate was obtained from the parents or legal guardians of all enrolled infants.This study was approved by the institutional review board of Kanagawa Children’s Medical Center (No. 170–9).It was a retrospective study involving secondary use of data from an existing database. In accordance with ethical guidelines, information regarding the study’s purpose and procedures was made publicly available on the institutional website. This study was performed in accordance with the guidelines of the Declaration of Helsinki.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
