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Authors
Tian, Lingling
Hu, Xiaolong
Qin, Yucui
Li, Liwen
Xi, Xueqin
Li, Tao
Bi, Yuna
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Shandong Provincial Medical and Health Science and Technology Project (202406010993)
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Article History
Received: 19 June 2025
Accepted: 31 October 2025
First Online: 28 November 2025
Declarations
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: Ethics approval was taken from the Ethic committee of Shandong Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital (approval number: 2025-011), which also waived the written informed consent due to the retrospective design of the study.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: The Authors declare that there is no conflict of interest.
