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Authors
Wei, Jiewen https://orcid.org/0009-0003-3654-3277
Wang, Yunhao https://orcid.org/0009-0002-3083-7621
Liao, Hongxing https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1248-0323
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Special Fund Project for Science and Technology Innovation Strategy of Guangdong Province (pdjh2025bg093)
Special Fund Project for Science and Technology Innovation Strategy of Guangdong Province (pdjh2025bg093)
Cultivation Program of Meizhou People's Hospital (PY-C 2025014)
Cultivation Program of Meizhou People's Hospital (PY-C 2025014)
Meizhou Social Development Science and Technology Plan Project (2022C0301026)
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Article History
Received: 11 June 2025
Accepted: 13 November 2025
First Online: 9 December 2025
Declarations
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: The NHANES protocols were approved by the National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) Research Ethics Review Board. All participants (or their legal guardians for minors under 18) provided written informed consent prior to participation in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. As this study involved secondary analysis of de-identified, publicly available NHANES data, the study received exempt determination from our institution’s Institutional Review Board.
: Not applicable. This study used de-identified, publicly available data from NHANES, which does not require individual consent for publication.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
