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Authors
Manhal, Gaffar https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7939-0117
Eissa, Abdullatif Yasir H. https://orcid.org/0009-0004-5345-8469
Elhassan, Ahmed Zaki W. Mohamed https://orcid.org/0009-0006-9267-3836
Fadul, Mohamed H.
Elgadi, Ammar https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1730-9023
Mohammed, Duha
Ahmed, Khabab Abbasher Hussien Mohamed
Merghani, Tina Magzoub A.
Awad, Mohamed
Elhassan, Suodad
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Article History
Received: 10 December 2024
Accepted: 26 August 2025
First Online: 8 December 2025
Declarations
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: This study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. Ethical approval to conduct and publish this research was obtained from the Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Khartoum, and the approval number “COMMED 2022-94-43” was assigned to the study.All participants in this study were required to provide informed consent and express their willingness to participate in the study.
: All participants in this study provided informed consent expressing their agreement to publish this study.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
