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Authors
Li, Bingliang
Jia, Yingyu
Wang, Yanfu
Zhang, Zhibo
Ren, Hongxia
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Establishment of a special cohort for digestive tract malformations within the comprehensive prevention and control verification system for birth defects in children (JX122C2022011)
Shanxi Provincial Health Commission Project (2022074)
National Key Clinical Specialty Construction Project
Shanxi Provincial Children's Hospital Hospital-level Project (2023002)
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Article History
Received: 9 September 2025
Accepted: 8 December 2025
First Online: 22 December 2025
Declarations
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: The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Shanxi Children’s Hospital (registered number: IRB-WZ-2024-031).
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
