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Article History

Received: 23 October 2025

Accepted: 24 December 2025

First Online: 20 January 2026

Declarations

:

: This study was approved by the Clinical Medical Research Ethics Committee of Guangdong Women and Children Hospital (Affiliated Institution: Guangdong Women and Children Hospital; Approval No. 202301228) and conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki ( ) and the Measures for the Ethical Review of Life Science and Medical Research Involving Humans (National Health Commission et al., 2023, No. 4. Available at ). Given that this research involved the analysis of anonymized electronic medical record data with minimal risk to participants, the Clinical Medical Research Ethics Committee of Guangdong Women and Children Hospital explicitly granted an exemption from obtaining informed consent for all study participants. The study was prospectively registered on the China Clinical Trial Registry ( ) with registration number ChiCTR2300074589 and the initial release date was 10 August 2023.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.