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Authors
Lee, Duck Woo https://orcid.org/0009-0001-7393-810X
Han, Taehui https://orcid.org/0009-0006-7696-4852
Shin, U-Vin https://orcid.org/0009-0003-2136-6589
Kim, Gi Beom https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7880-280X
Baek, Seung Min https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8146-2762
Kim, Susan Taejung https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0096-7364
Lee, Sang-Yun https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3071-2661
Song, Mi Kyoung https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0529-869X
Bae, Eun Jung https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2134-151X
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Article History
Received: 22 September 2025
Accepted: 29 December 2025
First Online: 12 January 2026
Declarations
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: This study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. Ethics approval for the study and a waiver of informed consent were obtained from the Institutional Review Board of the Seoul National University Hospital (IRB No. 2505-011-1636).
: Not applicable, as this study used anonymized retrospective data and did not include any individual person’s identifiable information.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
