Suchana, Afroza Jannat https://orcid.org/0009-0008-6384-9884
Noor, Syed Toukir Ahmed https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5111-7055
Shah, Md. Rafil Tazir https://orcid.org/0009-0001-2867-2963
Kabir, Ahmad
Bhuia, Mohammad Romel https://orcid.org/0009-0002-3615-4215
Article History
Received: 15 June 2024
Accepted: 8 January 2026
First Online: 31 January 2026
Declarations
:
: The survey was approved by the Ethics Committee of the ICF International at Rockville, Maryland, USA, and by the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare Ethics Committee. The study is conducted using the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. All BDHS participants provided written informed consent before participation, and all information was collected confidentially.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.