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Article History

Received: 15 July 2025

Accepted: 12 January 2026

First Online: 9 February 2026

Declarations

:

: This study was approved by the Clinical Research Ethics Committee of Gaziantep University (Meeting Date: March 23, 2022; Decision Number: 2022/49). Institutional permission was obtained from the centers where the research would be conducted (Document ID: 99957001/2022-14). Permission was also obtained from the author of the original scale (Hwal Lan Bang), via e-mail for validity and reliability analysis. Written informed consent was obtained from all participants prior to data collection. The study was conducted in accordance with the ethical standards of the Declaration of Helsinki.

: Not applicable. This manuscript does not contain any individual person’s data in any form (including individual details, images, or videos).

: The authors declare no competing interests.