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Article History

Received: 21 August 2025

Accepted: 27 January 2026

First Online: 23 February 2026

Declarations

:

: This study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of Qingtian County People’s Hospital on September 15, 2020. For the retrospective component involving the collection and analysis of pre-existing clinical data and archived serum samples, the IRB granted a waiver of informed consent. For the prospective neurodevelopmental follow-up assessments conducted at 18–22 months of age, written informed consent was obtained from the parents or legal guardians of all participating infants prior to the assessment. All methods were carried out in accordance with Declaration of Helsinki.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.