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Authors
Wu, Yuhang
Chen, Lizhang
Wang, Tingting
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China (82173608)
National Natural Science Foundation of China (82404362)
Excellent Youth Project of Hunan Province Office of Education (23B0001)
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Article History
Received: 16 September 2025
Accepted: 27 January 2026
First Online: 28 March 2026
Declarations
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: This study utilized exclusively de-identified, aggregated data from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021, which is publicly available. Therefore, ethical approval and informed consent were not required for this secondary analysis, and clinical trial was not applicable. Nevertheless, our research was conducted in accordance with the ethical principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki. This study adheres to the Guidelines for Accurate and Transparent Health Estimates Reporting (GATHER) statement.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
