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Authors
Lei, Dan https://orcid.org/0009-0004-9450-509X
Liang, Wei https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8120-7905
Yang, Fengying https://orcid.org/0009-0008-2522-9617
Liu, Chang https://orcid.org/0009-0009-6736-6844
Zhou, Lin https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3898-7173
Wang, Zhengwei https://orcid.org/0009-0007-5111-7160
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Office for Philosophy and Social Science (Ref. No.: 19200526; 2019/20)
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Article History
Received: 14 October 2025
Accepted: 28 January 2026
First Online: 21 February 2026
Declarations
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: All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments, or with comparable ethical standards. The study protocol was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China (ref. No. 2021LLSC051). Written informed consent was obtained from the children’s parents and/or caregivers before the study commenced.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
