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Article History

Received: 10 December 2023

Accepted: 29 January 2026

First Online: 13 February 2026

Declarations

:

: This research project was approved by College of Medicine research and ethics committee (COMREC). The research approval certificate for the project is COMREC P.10/21/3441. COMREC is an ethics and research committee under Kamuzu University of Health Sciences. COMREC also waved the need for informed consent on all study participants and their legal guardians as secondary data was used. Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital, paediatric department provided the institutional authorization to use secondary data from Moyo ward.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.