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Article History

Received: 6 August 2025

Accepted: 29 January 2026

First Online: 10 February 2026

Declarations

:

: This study’s foundation examined publicly accessible survey data sets stripped of all respondent-identifying information. The relevant Ethics Committees in Bangladesh, India, Pakistan, Afghanistan, Nepal, and ICF Macro at Calverton, USA, approved this survey. The Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) program data archivist permitted the authors to download the dataset used in this investigation ( ).

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.