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Authors
Wang, An
Liu, Zhaozhou
Zhao, Yong
Zhang, Yanan
Li, Shuangshuang
Liao, Junmin
Hua, Kaiyun
Gu, Yichao
Xie, Chuanping
Jin, Yuyan
Sun, Dayan
Wang, Dingding
Huang, Jinshi
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China (82300574)
National Natural Science Foundation of China (82400592)
Natural Science Foundation of Beijing Municipality (7252043)
Beijing High Innovation Plan (20250058)
Beijing Municipal Science & Technology Commission (Z211100002921062)
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Article History
Received: 30 October 2025
Accepted: 12 February 2026
First Online: 19 March 2026
Declarations
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: This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Beijing Children’s Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children’s Health (Approval No. 2019-k-386). The requirement for informed consent was waived owing to the retrospective design of the study. All procedures performed in this study involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. Informed consent to participate was obtained from the parents or legal guardians of all participants under the age of 16.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
