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Authors
Mousavi Torshizi, Mahdieh
Bordbar, Razieh
Shahgholi, Elham
Habibi, Atefeh
Sadeghi, Payman
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Article History
Received: 20 December 2025
Accepted: 28 February 2026
First Online: 24 March 2026
Declarations
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: The study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and was approved by the Ethics Committee of Tehran University of Medical Sciences (approval code: IR.TUMS.CHMC.REC.1399.095). According to the local ethical protocol, an initial written informed consent for the secondary use of patients’ clinical data in future observational studies was obtained from parents/legal guardians at the time of admission. The Ethics Committee waived the requirement for re-consent for this retrospective analysis. Patient confidentiality was strictly respected, and only anonymized aggregated data are reported in this manuscript.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
