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Authors
Wu, Di https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4876-7011
Zhu, Yuhang https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9236-2812
Qiu, Zhenliang
Wang, Jinling
Zhang, Yueru
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
“2023 Annual Higher Education Scientific Research Planning Project” of the China Association of Higher Education (23WYJ0406)
Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China (MOE-PRC)—National Scholarship for Ph.D. Candidate (BSY202008879)
Special Grants for Academic Activities of Ph.D. Candidate at Weifang Medical University
Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China (MOE-PRC)—National Scholarship for Postgraduate (19504, 2016)
Educational Information Technology Research Project of Anhui Province (AH2024072)
Educational Science Research Project of Anhui Province (JK25110)
Research Initiation Grants Project of Binzhou Medical University (50012304507)
Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province (ZR2025QC855)
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Article History
Received: 12 February 2025
Accepted: 2 March 2026
First Online: 25 April 2026
Declarations
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: All procedures performed in this study involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. The Medical Ethics Committee of Weifang Medical University (now known as Shandong Second Medical University) approved the study protocol in April 2016. Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants and their parents included in the study. The collection and transfer of data were carried out according to strict security and data encryption.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
