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Authors
Choi, Hey-ran
Song, In-Ae
Oh, Tak Kyu
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Article History
Received: 28 October 2025
Accepted: 4 March 2026
First Online: 9 March 2026
Declarations
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: The study protocol was approved by the Institutional Review Board (X-2407-910-902) and by the National Health Insurance Service (NHIS-2025-02-1-010), which also granted access to the database. As the data were fully anonymized and originally collected for routine health service administration, the requirement for informed consent was waived under Korean regulations and the ethical principles of the Declaration of Helsinki (1975, revised 2008).Informed consent was waived by IRB of Seoul National University Bundang Hospital because data analyses were performed retrospectively using anonymized data derived from the South Korean National Health Insurance Service database.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
