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Authors
Zhai, Qian
Kong, Xianglong
Li, Qian
Yang, Na
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Medical Science Research Project of Hebei Province (20200814)
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Article History
Received: 25 December 2025
Accepted: 5 March 2026
First Online: 18 March 2026
Declarations
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: This study involving human participants was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and received ethical approval from the Hebei Chest Hospital (Approval No. 201939). Written informed consent was obtained from all patients and their families prior to participation, ensuring the protection of their privacy and confidentiality. All data collected were handled with strict adherence to anonymity protocols.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
