Jackson, Jaynisha https://orcid.org/0009-0001-1121-9927
Conigliaro, Teresa
Fenlon, Jordan https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1127-2637
Solomon, Elizabeth
A. Dowling, Erin https://orcid.org/0009-0002-4809-9567
Dreisbach, Nicole
Hamwey, Meghan https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8687-0749
Article History
Received: 4 December 2025
Accepted: 27 March 2026
First Online: 23 April 2026
Declarations
:
: This study was conducted in accordance with the ethical principles outlined int the Belmont Report, instead of the Declaration of Helsinki, and was approved by the New York City Health Department Institutional Review Board. All methods were carried out in accordance with relevant guidelines and regulations. Informed consent was obtained using passive parental permission procedures. Before survey administration of the YRBS, parents or legal guardians were sent a letter which included an opt out form to complete and submit if they were opposed to having their child participate in the YRBS. Students were informed that the survey was anonymous and voluntary prior to participation.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.