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Article History

Received: 5 February 2026

Accepted: 30 March 2026

First Online: 9 April 2026

Declarations

:

: This study involved a content analysis of publicly accessible short videos on Douyin and Bilibili and did not involve interaction with individual users, collection of personally identifiable information, or the use of human biological specimens. The study was reviewed by the Medical Ethics Committee of Children’s Hospital of Shanxi Province (Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Shanxi Province) and was determined to qualify for exemption from ethics approval; the requirement for informed consent was waived. This study was conducted in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki.

: Not applicable. This manuscript does not contain any individual person’s data in any form (including images, videos, or other identifiable personal details).

: The authors declare no competing interests.