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Authors
Kaido, Takanobu
Hirabayashi, Hidehiro
Murase, Nagako
Kaido, Kaori
Sawai, Yasuko
Sakakibara, Takafumi
Akahane, Homare
Shimokawara, Tatsuo
Nagata, Kiyoshi
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
a grant from Osaka Shoin Women’s University
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Article History
Received: 7 April 2025
Accepted: 5 April 2026
First Online: 18 April 2026
Declarations
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: This study was approved by the ethics committee of the National Hospital Organization Nara Medical Center. Written informed consent was obtained from all patients and their legal guardians. The intervention was explained in detail, including the physiological rationale and prior evidence supporting its expected effect, as published in Kaido et al., J Clin Neurosci 2020. Based on over 30 years of clinical experience in functional neurosurgery and pediatric neurology, the corresponding author had consistently observed a link between oral breathing, lip incompetency, and tic severity. These insights helped establish patient trust and understanding of the method’s non-invasive, self-regulatory nature, contributing meaningfully to the informed consent process.
: Written consent to publish anonymized clinical data and video-derived images was obtained from all patients and their legal guardians.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
