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Authors
Inadera, Hidekuni
Sakai, Junko
Terashita, Shintaro
Shimada, Kanako
Inano, Hitomi
Tsuchida, Akiko
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Kamijima, Michihiro
Yamazaki, Shin
Fukami, Maki
Kishi, Reiko
Ota, Chiharu
Hashimoto, Koichi
Sakurai, Kenichi
Ito, Shuichi
Shinohara, Ryoji
Nakayama, Takeo
Kawasaki, Ryo
Takeshima, Yasuhiro
Nagashima, Hideki
Suganuma, Narufumi
Tsuji, Mayumi
Nakamura, Kimitoshi
Environment, the Japan
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Ministry of the Environment, Government of Japan
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Article History
Received: 10 November 2025
Accepted: 6 April 2026
First Online: 21 April 2026
Declarations
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: The study was conducted in accordance with the principles of the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki and its later amendments. The JECS protocol was reviewed and approved by the Ministry of the Environment's Institutional Review Board on Epidemiological Studies (100910001) and the Ethics Committees of all participating institutions. The research protocol of the present study was further approved by the Institutional Review Board of the University of Toyama (R2024057). Written informed consent was obtained from the parents/guardians of participants who were under 16 years of age.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
