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Authors
Wang, Xiou
Chen, Ruimin
Su, Zhe
Fan, Xin
Shen, Lusheng
Song, Fuying
Liu, Ziqin
Gong, Chunxiu
Cao, Binyan
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
capital insititute of pediatrics foundation for youths (QN-2024-24)
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Article History
Received: 19 December 2025
Accepted: 13 April 2026
First Online: 23 April 2026
Declarations
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: This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Capital Center for Children’s Health, Capital Medical University (SHERLLM2025055). All procedures were performed in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. Participating centers provided anonymized clinical data only and were not involved in patient contact or intervention; therefore, additional ethics approval was not required according to institutional policies. The requirement for informed consent to participate was waived by the Ethics Committee due to the retrospective nature of the study and the use of de-identified data.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
