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Authors
Jiang, Zhilin
Xu, Guocai
Qi, Liuxin
Sun, Wei
Tian, Zhenxiang
Wang, Jiangna
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Shandong Provincial Key Research and Development Program projects (No.2025CXPT037)
the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province (No. ZR2024MH341)
the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.12402373)
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Article History
Received: 26 August 2025
Accepted: 14 April 2026
First Online: 24 April 2026
Declarations
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: This study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and approved by the Sports Science Ethics Committee of Shandong Sport University (Approval No. 2023014). Written informed consent was obtained from all participants prior to their involvement in the study, with consent for participants under 16 years of age provided by their parents or legal guardians.
: Not Applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
