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Article History

Received: 5 February 2026

Accepted: 14 April 2026

First Online: 30 April 2026

Declarations

:

: Students who agreed to the Free and Informed Consent Form (TCLE), displayed on the first page of the application, participated in the research. The opening of the questionnaire was conditional upon the registration of this agreement. Only data from questionnaires of students who registered their acceptance to participate in PeNSE 2019 are considered valid. The research did not pose any risks to the students’ health, but they could be sensitive to any of the issues investigated. Measures were taken to protect the teenagers and ensure their comfort. Participation was voluntary, and students had the option of not answering any question or abandoning the questionnaire at any point. Student information is confidential, and the schools were not identified. The Child and Adolescent Statute (Law no. 8,069, dated 13.07.1990) provides adolescents with autonomy to take initiatives such as answering a questionnaire that does not pose a risk to their health and has the clear objective of supporting health policies for this age group. The research was preceded by contact with the State Secretariats and Municipal Education Departments and the management of selected schools in each Municipality. As previously reported, PeNSE 2019 was approved through the Opinion Conep no. 3,249,268, dated 04/08/2019. All procedures involving human participants were conducted in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments. This information can be accessed in the research publication, available from: .

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.