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Authors
Martyn-Dickens, Charles
Idan, Jacob Solomon
Mensah, Michael Ekow
Cobbinah, Alhaji Ibrahim
Owusu, Sheila Agyeiwaa
Mensah, Nicholas Karikari
Agyemang, Ebenezer Opambour
Mohammed, Aliyu
Kwara, Awewura
Enimil, Anthony
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Article History
Received: 29 January 2026
Accepted: 5 May 2026
First Online: 16 May 2026
Declarations
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: This study was conducted in accordance with the ethical principles of medical research involving human subjects as outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki. The study protocol received full approval from the Committee on Human Research, Publications and Ethics (CHRPE) of Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (CHRPE/AP/185/23) and the Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital Institutional Review Board (KATH IRB/097/24). Since this was a retrospective review of routinely collected data, the requirement for individual patient consent was waived by both CHRPE and Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital Institutional Review Board. All data were de-identified prior to analysis to ensure patient confidentiality.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
