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Article History

Received: 5 February 2026

Accepted: 8 May 2026

First Online: 19 May 2026

Declarations

:

: This study was conducted using retrospective data collected as part of routine clinical care. According to French regulations, this study falls under the category of Research not involving human participants ( Recherche n’impliquant pas la personne humaine , RnIPH), as defined by Article L1121-1 of the French Public Health Code. Therefore, formal approval from an Institutional Review Board (IRB) or ethics committee was not required.In accordance with Article L1121-1 of the French Public Health Code and national regulations governing RnIPH studies, the requirement for individual informed consent to participate was waived. Patients and/or their legal guardians were informed of the possible use of anonymized routine-care data for research purposes, and no opposition was recorded.The study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and complied with French data protection regulations (CNIL). All data were anonymized prior to analysis.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.