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Authors
Hanawa, Yamato
Baba, Yuji
Murasaki, Wataru
Namba, Hiroyuki
Oishi, Kimihiko
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Article History
Received: 21 December 2025
Accepted: 27 May 2026
First Online: 1 June 2026
Declarations
Ethics approval and consent to participate: This retrospective study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Jikei University (#36–344). All participants were minors. In accordance with national regulations and institutional policy for retrospective studies using routinely collected clinical data, the Ethics Committee waived the requirement for informed consent from parents or legal guardians. The study was conducted using de-identified data. An opt-out consent procedure was implemented by public notice (institutional website and hospital posting), allowing parents or legal guardians to refuse participation.
Consent for publication: Not applicable.
Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.
