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Authors
Jarrar, Hala
Malhis, Lana https://orcid.org/0009-0002-5525-3841
Munawer, Alaa
Omareya, Moamen
Deek, Nagham
Abutair, Razan
Dodeen, Saja
Khadeje, Sara Majed
Abu-Shamat, Zaynab
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Article History
Received: 17 February 2026
Accepted: 10 June 2026
First Online: 16 June 2026
Declarations
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: This study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of An-Najah National University (IRB reference: HSP. Dec. 2023/8). The study was conducted in accordance with the ethical principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. Participation was voluntary, and informed consent was obtained from all participants before questionnaire completion. Participants were informed about the study objectives, the voluntary nature of participation, confidentiality of responses, and their right to decline participation. No identifiable personal data were included in the analysis dataset, and all data were handled confidentially and used only for research purposes.
: Not applicable. This manuscript does not contain any individual person’s identifiable data.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
