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Authors
Alnamnakani, Mahdi A.
Shaiba, Lana A. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5459-7020
Hadid, Adnan
Alshathri, Reem
Alaujan, Abdulrahman
Alshibi, Amal
Alwael, Haifa
Babtain, Maha
Al Wallan, Abdulrahman
Abuhaimed, Jawahir M.
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
The Ongoing Research Funding Program, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (ORF-2026-1944)
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Article History
Received: 21 April 2026
Accepted: 19 June 2026
First Online: 24 June 2026
Declarations
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: Ethical approval for this study was obtained from the Institutional Review Board of King Saud University Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (IRB No. E-21-6275, approved on 10 October 2021). All methods and procedures were carried out in accordance with relevant guidelines and regulations, and in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. Given the retrospective nature of the study and the use of de-identified electronic medical records, the requirement for informed consent (including consent to participate from a parent or legal guardian) was waived by the Institutional Review Board of King Saud University Medical City.
: Not applicable. All data presented are aggregate and de-identified; no individual-level images, videos, or identifying information are included in this manuscript.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
