Article History
Received: 13 May 2026
Accepted: 13 July 2026
First Online: 15 July 2026
Declarations
Ethics approval and consent to participate: The original study received ethical approval from Haramaya University’s Institutional Health Research Ethics Review Committee (Ref: IHRERC/164/2024). Written informed consent was obtained from all participating mothers. This secondary analysis of de-identified data was reviewed by the same committee and granted exemption from full review (Ref: IHRERC/045/2024) on the basis that it involved analysis of existing, anonymized data with no participant contact. All procedures complied with the Declaration of Helsinki.
Consent for publication: Not applicable.
Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.