Melese, Yusuf Adem
Kassie, Destaye Guadie
Agumas, Sofiya Hamid
Mekonnen, Habtamu Sewunet
Article History
Received: 19 May 2026
Accepted: 17 July 2026
First Online: 24 July 2026
Declarations
Ethical approval and consent to participate: was obtained from the School of Nursing Ethical Review Committee, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar (IRB No. S/N/109/2017). Permission was also secured from the Amhara Public Health Institute and the administrative bodies of participating hospitals. Written informed consent was obtained from each mother after a clear explanation of the study objectives. Participation was voluntary, and mothers were informed of their right to decline or withdraw at any time without affecting the care provided to their neonates. Data collection was conducted only after confirmation of maternal clinical stability. The study was conducted in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. Participant confidentiality was strictly maintained, and all data were anonymized.
Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.