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Article History

Received: 30 January 2026

Accepted: 20 July 2026

First Online: 25 July 2026

Declarations

Ethics approval and consent to participate: This study was conducted in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional research committee. Ethical approval was obtained from the institutional Review Board of faculty of Dentistry, Damascus University Approval N0.2024–3176. Written informed consent was obtained from the parents or legal guardians of all participating children prior to inclusion in the study.

Consent for publication: Not applicable.

Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.