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Authors
Tefera, Amare Teshome
Tadesse, Martha Solomon
Tarekegn, Yeshambel Andargie
Wubneh, Solomon Berhe
Abebe, Sileshi Ayele
Adane, Kassaw Chekole
Shumet, Shegaye
Alemaw, Helen Brhan
Abate, Belayneh Jejaw https://orcid.org/0009-0003-7649-2830
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Article History
Received: 27 May 2026
Accepted: 7 August 2026
First Online: 12 August 2026
Declarations
Ethics approval and consent to participate: This study was based on secondary analysis of Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) data, which are publicly accessible and fully de-identified to ensure participant privacy and confidentiality. The DHS Program secures informed consent from all respondents and adheres to rigorous ethical standards, with survey protocols approved by national and/or institutional ethics committees in each participating country. Because the dataset contains anonymized information and no human subjects were contacted directly, further ethical clearance and participant consent were not necessary for this study.
Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.
