Article History
Received: 1 June 2026
Accepted: 9 September 2026
First Online: 11 September 2026
Declarations
Ethics approval and consent to participate: This study was conducted in strict compliance with the ethical principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki. Written informed consent was obtained from all participating children’s legal guardians prior to their inclusion in the research. The study protocol received formal approval from the Institutional Review Board of Hefei Maternal and Child Health Hospital (Ethical Approval No.: YYLL2022-07-01-01) following rigorous ethical review procedures.
Consent for publication: Not applicable.
Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.