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Article History

Received: 26 July 2017

Accepted: 13 September 2018

First Online: 11 October 2018

Ethics approval and consent to participate

: The KiGGS survey was approved by the <i>Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin</i> ethics committee (no.: 101/2000) of the Virchow Hospital, Humboldt University Berlin and Federal Office for the Protection of the Data (no.: IV-401/008#0008). Written, informed consent was obtained prior to each interview and examination from the children’s parents and the children themselves if they were aged ≥14 years.

: Not applicable.

: ESB: Financial.Speaker fees, consultancy, research funding and conference support from Shire Pharma. Speaker fees from American University of Beirut, Janssen Cilag, Consultancy from Neurotech solutions, Copenhagen University and Berhanderling, Skolerne, KU Leuven. Book royalties from OUP and Jessica Kingsley. Financial support received from Arrhus Univeristy and Ghent University for visiting Professorship. Grants awarded from MRC, ESRC, Wellcome Trust, Solent NHS Trust, European Union, Child Health Research Foundation New Zealand, NIHR, Nuffield Foundation, Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek-Vlaanderen (FWO), MQ – Transforming Mental health. Editor-in-Chief JCPP – supported by a buy-out of time to University of Southampton and personal Honorarium.Non-financial.Member of the European ADHD Guidelines Group.TB: Dr. Banaschewski served in an advisory or consultancy role for Actelion, Hexal Pharma, Lilly, Medice, Novartis, Oxford outcomes, PCM scientific, Shire and Viforpharma. He received conference support or speaker’s fee by Medice, Novartis and Shire. He is/has been involved in clinical trials conducted by Shire & Viforpharma. He received royalities from Hogrefe, Kohlhammer, CIP Medien, Oxford University Press. The present work is unrelated to the above grants and relationships.JB: Jan K Buitelaar has been in the past 3 years a consultant to / member of advisory board of /.and/or speaker for Janssen Cilag BV, Eli Lilly, Lundbeck, Shire, Roche, Medice, Novartis,and Servier. He has received research support from Roche and Vifor. He is not an employee.of any of these companies, and not a stock shareholder of any of these companies. He has no.other financial or material support, including expert testimony, patents, royalties.SC: During the last three years collaboration within projects from the European Union (7th Framework Program) and collaboration as sub-investigator in sponsored clinical trials by Shire Pharmaceutical Company. Travel support from Shire Pharmaceutical Company.DC: Prof. Coghill reports grants from European Commission, during the conduct of the study; grants and personal fees from Shire, personal fees from Eli Lilly, grants from Vifor, personal fees from Novartis, personal fees from Oxford University Press, other than the EC grants these are all outside the submitted work.MD: MD is a member of the European ADHD Guideline Group (EAGG) and holds grants from the European Union FP7 programme.BF: The author declares that they have no conflict of interest.PG: The author declares that they have no conflict of interest.CH: Grants from European Union FP7 programme, H2020, National Institute of Health Research (NIHR) and Medical Research Council (MRC) during the conduct of the study; CH is a member of the European ADHD Guideline Group (EAGG) and NICE ADHD Guideline Committee.SI: The author declares that they have no conflict of interest.HK: The author declares that they have no conflict of interest.EL: The author declares that they have no conflict of interest.K KC M: The author declares that they have no conflict of interest.KM: The author declares that they have no conflict of interest.SM: Dr. McCarthy has received speaker’s fee, travel support and research support from Shire.AN: The author declares that they have no conflict of interest.PN: The author declares that they have no conflict of interest.ER: The author declares that they have no conflict of interest.RS: The author declares that they have no conflict of interest.AH: A. Häge received speakers’ fees, was on advisory boards or has been involved in clinical trials by Shire, Janssen-Cilag, Otsuka, Lundbeck and Servier.AZ: Dr. Zuddas served in an advisory or consultancy role for Angelini, Lundbeck, Otsuka, EduPharma, Shire and Viforpharma. He received conference support or speaker’s fee by Angelini and EduPharma. He is/has been involved in clinical trials conducted by Roche, Lundbeck, Shire & Viforpharma. He received royalities from Oxford University Press and Giunti OS. The present work is unrelated to the above grants and relationships.ICKW: Prof. Wong reports grants from European Union FP7 programme, during the conduct of the study; grants from Shire, grants from Janssen-Cilag, grants from Eli-Lily, grants from Pfizer, outside the submitted work; and Prof Wong was a member of the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) ADHD Guideline Group and the British Association for Psychopharmacology ADHD guideline group and acted as an advisor to Shire.

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