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Article History

Received: 22 October 2021

Accepted: 27 April 2022

First Online: 9 May 2022

Declarations

:

: Infants were originally enrolled with an informed consent by a parent. The ethical review for the follow-up visits at 5, 9, and 16 years of age was done at the Children's Hospital at the Helsinki University Central Hospital. All studies have been conducted in accordance with the Helsinki declaration. Consent has been given at each phase of the follow-up from the parents of all participants in childhood, and from the participants themselves in adulthood. HUS (Helsinki and Uusimaa hospital district) Ethical Review Board, the regional institutional ethics committee for medical research, approved the most recent phase of the project including this study in 2013 (number 147 /13/03/00/13). Permit for data use from Population Registry Centre of Finland was obtained in 2014, 2016, and 2019 (numbers 1665/410/14, 151/410/16, and VRK/5879/2019–3), and from Central Statistical Office of Finland in 2014 and 2019 (numbers TK53-1080–14 and TK53-1690–19). All methods were carried out in accordance with relevant guidelines and regulations.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare that they have no competing interests.