Chamoun, Karam
Mouawad, Joseph
Salameh, Pascale
Sacre, Hala
Haddad, Ramzi
Khabbaz, Lydia Rabbaa
Megarbane, Bruno
Hajj, Aline
Funding for this research was provided by:
PHC-CEDRE (46550YG)
Saint Joseph University (FPH98)
Article History
Received: 5 March 2023
Accepted: 24 October 2023
First Online: 1 November 2023
Declarations
:
: This study was approved by the ethics committee of Hôtel-Dieu de France University Medical Center, affiliated with the Saint Joseph University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon (reference number: CEHDF1793). Our study was conducted in accordance to the Declaration of Helsinki. The topic was explained to all participants in the introductory section of the survey, which also included the consent to participate (mandatory to have access to the questionnaire). Informed consent was obtained from all the participants and/or their legally authorized representative. Participants from the general population group could either maintain their anonymity (guaranteed throughout the process of data collection and analysis) or allow the principal investigator to contact them again for the re-test part of the scale validation. They were offered a free psychiatric consultation at Hôtel-Dieu de France if any substance use disorder was detected.
: NA.
: The authors have no conflicts of interest to disclose.