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Article History

Received: 13 May 2024

Accepted: 14 March 2025

First Online: 17 April 2025

Declarations

:

: Ethical approval for the Delphi panel study was sought from Pearl Pathways (reference: #23-OHTH-106, 30/1/2023), a central Institutional Review Board that reviewed and approved all study material including the protocol. Given the fact that no individual patient data was collected in the course of this study and physician participation was voluntary, this study was determined to be Exempt according to the FDA 21 CFR 56.104 and 45CFR46.104(d)(2). The study was conducted in accordance with the relevant guidelines and regulations for research involving human subjects. Information on study purpose, format, and outputs were provided to the panelists through a market research agreement document. Informed consent was obtained from all panelists before their participation in this Delphi panel.The narrative review was based on previously conducted studies, and ethical approval was therefore deemed not necessary.This study was conducted in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki, ensuring ethical standards in research involving human participants.

: Not applicable.

: P.G. received fees during the last 5 years for presentations at congresses or participation in scientific boards from Angelini, EISI, Janssen, Lundbeck, Otsuka, Richter, Merck, and Viatris. M.Y. is a full-time employee of H. Lundbeck A/S. J. M. is a full-time employee of Otsuka Pharmaceutical Development and Commercialization Inc. A. F. is/has been a consultant and/or a speaker and/or has received research grants from Angelini, Apsen, Boehringer Ingelheim, Daiichi Sankyo, GlaxoSmithKline, Italfarmaco, Lundbeck, Janssen, Mylan, Otsuka, Pfizer, Recordati, Sanofi Aventis, Sunovion, Viatris, and Vifor. C.A. has received support by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), co-financed by the European Union, ERDF Funds from the European Commission, “A way of making Europe,” financed by the European Union – NextGenerationEU (PMP21/00051), PI19/01024. CIBERSAM, Madrid Regional Government (B2017/BMD-3740 AGES-CM-2), European Union Structural Funds, European Union Seventh Framework Program, European Union H2020 Program under the Innovative Medicines Initiative 2 Joint Undertaking: Project PRISM-2 (Grant agreement No.101034377), Project AIMS-2-TRIALS (Grant agreement No 777394), Horizon Europe, the National Institute of Mental Health of the National Institutes of Health under Award Number 1U01MH124639-01 (Project ProNET) and Award Number 5P50MH115846-03 (project FEP-CAUSAL), Fundación Familia Alonso, and Fundación Alicia Koplowitz. C.A. additionally has been a consultant to or has received honoraria or grants from Acadia, Angelini, Biogen, Boehringer, Gedeon Richter, Janssen Cilag, Lundbeck, Medscape, Menarini, Minerva, Otsuka, Pfizer, Roche, Sage, Servier, Shire, Schering-Plough, Sumitomo Dainippon Pharma, Sunovion, and Takeda. C.U.C. has been a consultant and/or advisor to or has received honoraria from: AbbVie, Acadia, Adcock Ingram, Alkermes, Allergan, Angelini, Aristo, Biogen, Boehringer-Ingelheim, Bristol Myers Squibb, Cardio Diagnostics, Cerevel, CNX Therapeutics, Compass Pathways, Darnitsa, Delpor, Denovo, Gedeon Richter, Hikma, Holmusk, IntraCellular Therapies, Jamjoom Pharma, Janssen/J&J, Karuna, LB Pharma, Lundbeck, MedInCell, Merck, Mindpax, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma, Maplight, Mylan, Neumora Therapeutics, Neurocrine, Neurelis, Newron, Noven, Novo Nordisk, Otsuka, PPD Biotech, Recordati, Relmada, Reviva, Rovi, Sage, Saladax, Seqirus, SK Life Science, Sumitomo Pharma America, Sunovion, Sun Pharma, Supernus, Tabuk, Takeda, Teva, Tolmar, Vertex, Viatris and Xenon Pharmaceuticals. He provided expert testimony for Janssen and Otsuka. He served on a Data Safety Monitoring Board for Compass Pathways, Denovo, Lundbeck, Relmada, Reviva, Rovi, Supernus, and Teva. He has received grant support from Janssen and Takeda. He received royalties from UpToDate and is also a stock option holder of Cardio Diagnostics, Kuleon Biosciences, LB Pharma, Mindpax, and Quantic. J.M.K. has been a consultant for or received honoraria from Alkermes, Allergan, Boehringer Ingelheim, Cerevel, Dainippon Sumitomo, H. Lundbeck, HealthRhythms, HLS, Indivior, Intracellular Therapies, Janssen Pharmaceutical, Johnson & Johnson, LB Pharmaceuticals, Merck, Minerva, Neurocrine, Newron, Novartis, Otsuka, Roche, Saladax, Sunovion, and Teva. Dr. Kane has received grant support from Otsuka, Lundbeck, Sunovion and Janssen. Dr. Kane is a shareholder in Vanguard Research Group, North Shore Therapeutics, Health Rhythms, MedinCell, and LB Pharmaceuticals, Inc. N.S. is a former employee of OPEN Health, which received funding from Lundbeck Otsuka Alliance to conduct this study. E.A., A.B., and S.S. are employees of OPEN Health, which received funding from Lundbeck Otsuka Alliance to conduct this study.