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Authors
Gao, Shasha
Zhang, Huijun
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Article History
Received: 23 September 2024
Accepted: 26 March 2025
First Online: 9 April 2025
Declarations
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: The study was conducted in strict compliance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. The original CHARLS study received ethical approval from the Peking University Ethics Review Committee (IRB00001052–11015), and all participants provided written informed consent before participating in the study.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
