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Article History

Received: 1 December 2023

Accepted: 9 April 2025

First Online: 14 April 2025

Declarations

:

: Ethical clearance was obtained from the Institutional Review Board of Addis Ababa University College of Medicine and health sciences (Ref Number AAUMF 03–008) as well as Amanuel mental specialized Hospital Clinical Director office ((Ref Number Am/146/4/3). The study was conducted in line with the codes of the declaration of Helsinki for Ethical Principles for Medical Research Involving Human Subjects particularly vulnerable groups (World Medical Association Declaration of Helsinki: Nov 27, 2013).Participants were excluded if they did not have the capacity to give informed consent. Written informed consent was obtained from every study participant before data collection. Individuals were informed about the full right to refuse participation or withdrawal at any point in the study.The study involved drawing blood samples in line with the standard recommendations which only cause mild discomfort over the skin injection area only which is the same as the routine blood sample collection for any other patients. Otherwise the study subjects were not subjected to any other form of intervention which affects their health or treatment. The laboratory investigations were done at the Ethiopian Public Health Institute.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.