Lin, Fangbo
Zhou, Meiyun
Funding for this research was provided by:
Hunan Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 2024JJ9510)
Article History
Received: 19 November 2024
Accepted: 17 April 2025
First Online: 1 July 2025
Declarations
:
: This is a retrospective study based on the CHARLS database. The original CHARLS was approved by the Ethical Review Committee of Peking University (IRB00001052–11015), and all participants signed the informed consent at the time of participation. The external validation set was approved by the Ethics Committee of the First Hospital of Changsha (Approval No.: (2024) Ethical Fast Review [Clinical Research] No. (58)). Due to the retrospective nature of the study, the need for obtaining informed consent was waived. This research strictly adheres to the Helsinki Declaration guidelines, ensuring the protection of participants’ rights, safety, and well-being.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.